前面我们已经完成了项目大部分内容,现在还剩下重要的注册功能没有实现。
显而易见,我们的注册页面也需要一个form表单。同样地,在/login/forms.py
中添加一个新的表单类:
class RegisterForm(forms.Form): gender = ( ('male', "男"), ('female', "女"), ) username = forms.CharField(label="用户名", max_length=128, widget=forms.TextInput(attrs={'class': 'form-control'})) password1 = forms.CharField(label="密码", max_length=256, widget=forms.PasswordInput(attrs={'class': 'form-control'})) password2 = forms.CharField(label="确认密码", max_length=256, widget=forms.PasswordInput(attrs={'class': 'form-control'})) email = forms.EmailField(label="邮箱地址", widget=forms.EmailInput(attrs={'class': 'form-control'})) sex = forms.ChoiceField(label='性别', choices=gender) captcha = CaptchaField(label='验证码')
说明:
同样地,类似login.html文件,我们手工在register.html中编写forms相关条目:
{% load static %} <!doctype html> <html lang="en"> <head> <!-- Required meta tags --> <meta charset="utf-8"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1, shrink-to-fit=no"> <!-- 上述meta标签*必须*放在最前面,任何其他内容都*必须*跟随其后! --> <!-- Bootstrap CSS --> <link href="https://cdn.bootcss.com/twitter-bootstrap/4.3.1/css/bootstrap.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="{% static 'login/css/register.css' %}" rel="stylesheet"/> <title>注册</title> </head> <body> <div class="container"> <div class="col"> <form class="form-register" action="/register/" method="post"> {% if register_form.captcha.errors %} <div class="alert alert-warning">{{ register_form.captcha.errors }}</div> {% elif message %} <div class="alert alert-warning">{{ message }}</div> {% endif %} {% csrf_token %} <h3 class="text-center">欢迎注册</h3> <div class="form-group"> {{ register_form.username.label_tag }} {{ register_form.username}} </div> <div class="form-group"> {{ register_form.password1.label_tag }} {{ register_form.password1 }} </div> <div class="form-group"> {{ register_form.password2.label_tag }} {{ register_form.password2 }} </div> <div class="form-group"> {{ register_form.email.label_tag }} {{ register_form.email }} </div> <div class="form-group"> {{ register_form.sex.label_tag }} {{ register_form.sex }} </div> <div class="form-group"> {{ register_form.captcha.label_tag }} {{ register_form.captcha }} </div> <div> <a href="/login/" ><ins>直接登录</ins></a> <button type="submit" class="btn btn-primary float-right">注册</button> </div> </form> </div> </div> <!-- /container --> <!-- Optional JavaScript --> <!-- jQuery first, then Popper.js, then Bootstrap JS --> {# 以下三者的引用顺序是固定的#} <script src="https://cdn.bootcss.com/jquery/3.3.1/jquery.js"></script> <script src="https://cdn.bootcss.com/popper.js/1.15.0/umd/popper.js"></script> <script src="https://cdn.bootcss.com/twitter-bootstrap/4.3.1/js/bootstrap.min.js"></script> </body> </html>
需要注意的是:
/register/
,class为form-register
register_form
register.css样式文件的代码很简单,如下所示:
body { height: 100%; background-image: url('../image/bg.jpg'); } .form-register { width: 100%; max-width: 400px; padding: 15px; margin: 0 auto; } .form-group { margin-bottom: 5px; } form a{ display: inline-block; margin-top:25px; line-height: 10px; }
进入/login/views.py
文件,现在来完善我们的register()
视图:
def register(request): if request.session.get('is_login', None): return redirect('/index/') if request.method == 'POST': register_form = forms.RegisterForm(request.POST) message = "请检查填写的内容!" if register_form.is_valid(): username = register_form.cleaned_data.get('username') password1 = register_form.cleaned_data.get('password1') password2 = register_form.cleaned_data.get('password2') email = register_form.cleaned_data.get('email') sex = register_form.cleaned_data.get('sex') if password1 != password2: message = '两次输入的密码不同!' return render(request, 'login/register.html', locals()) else: same_name_user = models.User.objects.filter(name=username) if same_name_user: message = '用户名已经存在' return render(request, 'login/register.html', locals()) same_email_user = models.User.objects.filter(email=email) if same_email_user: message = '该邮箱已经被注册了!' return render(request, 'login/register.html', locals()) new_user = models.User() new_user.name = username new_user.password = password1 new_user.email = email new_user.sex = sex new_user.save() return redirect('/login/') else: return render(request, 'login/register.html', locals()) register_form = forms.RegisterForm() return render(request, 'login/register.html', locals())
从大体逻辑上,也是先实例化一个RegisterForm的对象,然后使用is_valide()
验证数据,再从cleaned_data
中获取数据。
重点在于注册逻辑,首先两次输入的密码必须相同,其次不能存在相同用户名和邮箱,最后如果条件都满足,利用ORM的API,创建一个用户实例,然后保存到数据库内。
对于注册的逻辑,不同的生产环境有不同的要求,请跟进实际情况自行完善,这里只是一个基本的注册过程,不能生搬照抄。
让我们看一下注册的页面:
你可以尝试用不同的情况进行注册,然后观察错误信息的提示:
最后进行一次成功地注册,会自动跳转到登录页面。我们进入admin后台,查看一下用户列表:
等等!我们好像忘了什么!我们到现在都还一直在用明文的密码!
对于如何加密密码,有很多不同的途径,其安全程度也高低不等。这里我们使用Python内置的hashlib库,使用哈希值的方式加密密码,可能安全等级不够高,但足够简单,方便使用,不是么?
首先在login/views.py
中编写一个hash函数:
import hashlib def hash_code(s, salt='mysite'):# 加点盐 h = hashlib.sha256() s += salt h.update(s.encode()) # update方法只接收bytes类型 return h.hexdigest()
使用了sha256算法,加了点盐。具体的内容可以参考站点内的Python教程中hashlib库章节。
然后,我们还要对login()和register()视图进行一下修改:
from django.shortcuts import render from django.shortcuts import redirect from . import models from . import forms import hashlib # Create your views here. def hash_code(s, salt='mysite'): h = hashlib.sha256() s += salt h.update(s.encode()) return h.hexdigest() def index(request): if not request.session.get('is_login', None): return redirect('/login/') return render(request, 'login/index.html') def login(request): if request.session.get('is_login', None): # 不允许重复登录 return redirect('/index/') if request.method == 'POST': login_form = forms.UserForm(request.POST) message = '请检查填写的内容!' if login_form.is_valid(): username = login_form.cleaned_data.get('username') password = login_form.cleaned_data.get('password') try: user = models.User.objects.get(name=username) except : message = '用户不存在!' return render(request, 'login/login.html', locals()) if user.password == hash_code(password): request.session['is_login'] = True request.session['user_id'] = user.id request.session['user_name'] = user.name return redirect('/index/') else: message = '密码不正确!' return render(request, 'login/login.html', locals()) else: return render(request, 'login/login.html', locals()) login_form = forms.UserForm() return render(request, 'login/login.html', locals()) def register(request): if request.session.get('is_login', None): return redirect('/index/') if request.method == 'POST': register_form = forms.RegisterForm(request.POST) message = "请检查填写的内容!" if register_form.is_valid(): username = register_form.cleaned_data.get('username') password1 = register_form.cleaned_data.get('password1') password2 = register_form.cleaned_data.get('password2') email = register_form.cleaned_data.get('email') sex = register_form.cleaned_data.get('sex') if password1 != password2: message = '两次输入的密码不同!' return render(request, 'login/register.html', locals()) else: same_name_user = models.User.objects.filter(name=username) if same_name_user: message = '用户名已经存在' return render(request, 'login/register.html', locals()) same_email_user = models.User.objects.filter(email=email) if same_email_user: message = '该邮箱已经被注册了!' return render(request, 'login/register.html', locals()) new_user = models.User() new_user.name = username new_user.password = hash_code(password1) new_user.email = email new_user.sex = sex new_user.save() return redirect('/login/') else: return render(request, 'login/register.html', locals()) register_form = forms.RegisterForm() return render(request, 'login/register.html', locals()) def logout(request): if not request.session.get('is_login', None): return redirect('/login/') request.session.flush() # del request.session['is_login'] return redirect("/login/")
注意其中关于密码处理的部分!
好了,我们可以来验证一下了!但是,请先在admin后台里,把我们前面创建的测试用户全部删除!因为它们的密码没有使用哈希算法加密,已经无效了。
重启服务器,进入注册页面,新建一个用户,然后进入admin后台,查看用户的密码情况:
再使用该用户登录一下,大功告成!
可以看到密码长度根据你哈希算法的不同,已经变得很长了,所以前面model中设置password字段时,不要想当然的将max_length
设置为16这么小的数字。